??? ??????

??? ??????
	??? ??? ???? ????? (??????)? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????: ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ????? (??????)? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????: ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????.
??????? ????
????????	?? ??????
?? ?????	??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????
	????? ????? - ?????

百度这与其它防伪技术易仿制相比，具有不易仿制的特点。

??? ??????^[1](??????????:Refractive error) ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????.^[2]

???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???. ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????.^[3]

??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????.

??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? 25? ?? ?????????? ? 80? ?? ?????????. ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? 15 ? 49? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? 1.2 ? 42?. ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? 35 ?????.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 157 ????? ??? ?? ??? 2020. ??? ??? ?????? ???? 3 ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?.^[8]^[9]

?????? ????? ???????

????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? - ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? - ???? ???? ???????? - ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????^[??????????] ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???????. ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? 6 ????? (20 ?????) ?? ?????.

????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????.^[10]

?????

???? ?? "?????? ??????????" - ????? ???? ??????? "??? ????????" - ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????.^[10]^[11]

??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????.^[12]

????????:???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? (??? ??????????) ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? (??? ??? ?????). ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????.
??? ?????:???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? (??? ??????????) ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? (??? ??? ?????).? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????.
??? ????? ????????: ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????.
?????????: ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????.

???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????.^[13]

???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????^[??????????] ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????.^[14]^[15]

????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????:^[16]

????? ?????: ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???. ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??????? "-" ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? "+" ???? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????.
????????: ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???.
??????: ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? 1 ? 180.

????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? (????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????) ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? 6 ?????? ?? 20 ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????.^[17]

?????

????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????.^[18]

????? ?????

????? ??????

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

????? ?????

?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? - ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? - ???? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????.^[21]^[22]^[23]

???????

???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????

??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? (????? ???? ????? ???????) ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??? "????????? ??????"? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??????^[??????????]. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????.^[24]

???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????-??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????^[??????????] ???? ???? ?????? ????.^[25]

???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? (????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????)? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????????.^[26]

????? ??????

??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????.^[27]

????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????.

????????

???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??.^[28]

??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????. ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????.^[29]

?????? ???????

??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????.

????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????

?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????.

??????? ?????? ?????

???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????: ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????.^[30]

??????? ???????

????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????????^[??????????]. ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????.

???? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????.^[31]


??????? ?????? ??????? ???????	?????
?????? ???????? (??????? ???????)	???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????.
??? ???????	??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????.
???? ???????	???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.
???? ??????? ??????	?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????.
??????????	???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????.

??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????.

???????

??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? (????) ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? (PRK) ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? (??????? ?????? ??????????). ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??.^[32]^[33]

?????? ?????

?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????.^[34]^[35]

???????

???? ????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????.^[36]^[37]

???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????.^[38]^[39]

??? ?????????

?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? 660 ????? ??? (10 ??? 100 ???) ?? ??? 2013.

????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? "????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????" (DALY)? ????? ???? ????? ????? 8? ??? ???? 1990 ? 2019.^[41]^[42]

???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? . ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? 25? ?? ?????????? ? 80? ?? ?????????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????. ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 15 ? 49? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1.2 ? 42?. ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???. ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? 35 ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? 100? ?? ??????? ?? ?? 55-65 ?????. ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?.

???????

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^ Shih, Yung‐Feng; Hsiao, C. Kate; Chen, Chien‐Jen; Chang, Ching‐Wei; Hung, Por T.; Lin, Luke L.‐K. (2001-06). "An intervention trial on efficacy of atropine and multi‐focal glasses in controlling myopic progression". Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica (???????????). 79 (3): 233–236. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0420.2001.790304.x. ISSN:1395-3907. Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. {{??????? ?????? ?????}}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= (help)
^ Lee, Jong-Jer; Fang, Po-Chiung; Yang, I-Hui; Chen, Chih-Hsin; Lin, Pei-Wen; Lin, Sue-Ann; Kuo, Hsi-Kung; Wu, Pei-Chang (2006-02). "Prevention of Myopia Progression with 0.05% Atropine Solution". Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics (???????????). 22 (1): 41–46. DOI:10.1089/jop.2006.22.41. ISSN:1080-7683. Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. {{??????? ?????? ?????}}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= (help)
^ Li, Xintong; Friedman, Ilana B.; Medow, Norman B.; Zhang, Cheng (2017-05). "Update on Orthokeratology in Managing Progressive Myopia in Children: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Concerns". Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus (???????????). 54 (3): 142–148. DOI:10.3928/01913913-20170106-01. ISSN:0191-3913. Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. {{??????? ?????? ?????}}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= (help)
^ Walline? Jeffrey J. (2016-01). "Myopia Control: A Review". Eye & Contact Lens. ?. 42 ?. 1: 3–8. DOI:10.1097/ICL.0000000000000207. ISSN:1542-233X. PMID:26513719. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14. {{??????? ?????? ?????}}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= (??????)
^ Kandel, Himal; Khadka, Jyoti; Goggin, Michael; Pesudovs, Konrad (2017-12). "Patient-reported Outcomes for Assessment of Quality of Life in Refractive Error: A Systematic Review". Optometry and Vision Science (??????????? ?????????). 94 (12): 1102. DOI:10.1097/OPX.0000000000001143. ISSN:1538-9235. Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. {{??????? ?????? ?????}}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= (help)
^ Kandel, Himal; Khadka, Jyoti; Lundstr?m, Mats; Goggin, Michael; Pesudovs, Konrad (2017-06). "Questionnaires for Measuring Refractive Surgery Outcomes". Journal of Refractive Surgery (???????????). 33 (6): 416–424. DOI:10.3928/1081597X-20170310-01. ISSN:1081-597X. Archived from the original on 2025-08-14. {{??????? ?????? ?????}}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |?????= (help)
^ "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. ????? ?? ????? ?? 11 ?????? 2014. ???? ???? ?????? Nov. 11, 2009. {{??????? ???}}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |????? ??????= (??????)
^ "n2:2452-2325 - Search Results". search.worldcat.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14. ???? ???? ?????? 2025-08-14.
^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). web.archive.org. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2025-08-14. ???? ???? ?????? 2025-08-14.

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