无家可归是什么生肖
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Corneal opacity | |
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[???]????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????.[3]
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[???]????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????:
- ??????? ???????: ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????[4]
- ?????? ??????? ????????: ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????.
- ??? ???????: ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? (???? ??? ??????? ???????)? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.
- ???? ???????: ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? (???????? ???? ?????? ???????).
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[???]???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???:
- ????? ????? ?? ????? (????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????)[5]
- ??? ???? ?????? (???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????)[6]
- ?????[7]
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[???]???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? (?? ????? ???? ??? ?????).
????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????
[???]???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???: ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
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[???]?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
- ???? ?????
- ???? ???????[8]
- ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?
- ?????????[9]
- ??? ?????? ?????[10]
- ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????: ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????.[11]
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[???]?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????.
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[???]???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???:
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
- ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (PPMD? PPCD): ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? CHED. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???. ???? PPMD ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????.[13]
- ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (CHSD): ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? DCN. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????.[14]
- ???? ?????:? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? (??? ????? ?????? 1). ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????.[15]
- ????? ???????? ??????? ??????: ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????.[16]
- ???? ??????? ??????: ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? 1 ?????? 2 ?????? 3. ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? TGFBI? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????.[17]
- ???? ??????? ???????: ???? ?????? ????? 1 ?????? 2. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ????? 1? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????. ?? ????? 2? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? 2 ?? ????? 1.[18]
- ???? ???????: ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????. ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????.[19]
- ??? ????????: ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????.[20]
- ??????: ?????? ??????? ??????????? X ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?? XLI ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????.
- ??????? ?????? ?????? 8 (T8M): ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? 8 ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? 8.
- ??? ?????: ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
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[???]- ^ J Alroy , M Haskins, D E Birk (2001). "Altered Corneal Stromal Matrix Organization Is Associated With Mucopolysaccharidosis I, III and VI". Experimental Eye Research. ?. 68 ?. 5: 523–30. DOI:10.1006/exer.1998.0622. PMID:10328965.
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: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? (link) - ^ Ramanjit Sihota? Radhika Tandon (15 ????? 2015). "The posterior segment". Parsons' diseases of the eye (?. 22). ?. 195, 221. ISBN:978-81-312-3818-9.
- ^ AK Khurana. "Diseases of the Cornea". Comprehensive Ophthalmology (?. 6). Jaypee. ?. 121–122.
- ^ J Das, S Bhomaj, Z Chaudhuri, P Sharma, A Negi, A Dasgupta (2001). "Profile of Glaucoma in a Major Eye Hospital in North India". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. ?. 49 ?. 1: 25–30. PMID:15887712.
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: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? (link) - ^ Khurana? AK (31 ????? 2015). Comprehensive ophthalmology (?. 6th). Jaypee, The Health Sciences Publisher. ?. 133–139. ISBN:978-93-5152-657-5.
- ^ Shachar Tauber. "Help for Patients With Corneal Scarring". CRSToday. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ Spadea? Leopoldo? Maraone? Giorgia? Verboschi? Francesca? Vingolo? Enzo Maria? Tognetto? Daniele (18 ???? 2016). "Effect of corneal light scatter on vision: a review of the literature". International Journal of Ophthalmology. ?. 9 ?. 3: 459–464. DOI:10.18240/ijo.2016.03.24. ISSN:2222-3959. PMC:4844042. PMID:27158621.
- ^ John P. Whitcher? M. Srinivasan? Madan P. Upadhyay. "Corneal blindness: a global perspective" (PDF). www.who.int. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ "What is trachoma". ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ JHubert H Fam (21 ?????? 2019). "Onchocerciasis (African River Blindness)". American Academy of Ophthalmology. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ Schonberg? Stacy? Stokkermans? Thomas J. (2020). "Ocular Pemphigoid". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:30252356. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ "Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy - EyeWiki". eyewiki.aao.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ Reference, Genetics Home. "Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy". Genetics Home Reference (???????????). Archived from the original on 2025-08-14.
- ^ Salour? Hossein? Owji? Nasser? Sadeghipour? Alireza (2009). "Congenital Corneal Staphyloma". Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research. ?. 4 ?. 3: 182–184. ISSN:2008-2010. PMC:3498567. PMID:23198071.
- ^ Moshirfar? Majid? West? William? Ronquillo? Yasmyne (2020). "Lattice Corneal Dystrophy". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID:32310559. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ "Granular Corneal Dystrophy: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". 10 ????? 2020. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ Themes? U. F. O.? Frenkel? Shahar (9 ?????? 2016). "Congenital Corneal Opacity". Ento Key. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ "Cystinosis | Hereditary Ocular Diseases". disorders.eyes.arizona.edu. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ Barre? Jay? R K? Blach? R S? Wells. "Ocular manifestations of ichthyosis" (PDF). Britisn Journalof Ophthalmology. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2025-08-14.
- ^ Creig S? Hoyt? David? Taylor (????? 2012). Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus (?. 4th). Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN:9780702046919.